L-arginine Supplementation in Breast Cancer Patients

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers globally, and there is increasing interest in understanding the role of nutritional interventions in its management. L-arginine, a semi-essential amino acid, plays a critical role in immune modulation and tumor metabolism through its involvement in nitric oxide (NO) production and immune cell activation. This literature review aimed to evaluate the impact of L-arginine supplementation on breast cancer progression and treatment outcomes, focusing on its effects within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its potential as an adjunctive therapeutic strategy.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to identify studies on L-arginine and breast cancer. The search terms included “L-arginine,” “breast cancer,” “immune modulation,” and “tumor progression.” Peer-reviewed articles published between 1990 and 2024 were considered.

Results: The literature review identified that L-arginine supplementation can positively impact breast cancer treatment by modulating immune responses and altering the tumor microenvironment (TME). Studies showed that L-arginine reduces tumor growth by enhancing immune cell functions, suppressing MDSCs, and synergizing with therapies like chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Preclinical and clinical data suggested that L-arginine boosts the efficacy of both immunotherapy and conventional cancer treatments, particularly by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting tumor progression.

Conclusion:  L-arginine demonstrates potential as an adjunctive therapy in breast cancer, particularly through its effects on immune modulation and tumor suppression. Further clinical studies are required to explore its therapeutic application, optimal dosing, and long-term outcomes.